This SNV learning brief shares the findings of a study to assess the status and barriers in access to and decision-making for sanitation and handwashing with soap from the perspective of gender, socially excluded groups (ethnic minorities, castes, poor people, etc.) and people living with disabilities (PLWDs). The outcomes of this formative research have been used to strengthen the gender and social inclusion focus of SNV's Sustainable Sanitation and Hygiene for All (SSH4A) programme in Nepal across 17 districts.